![]() ![]() ![]() Misogyny functions as an ideology or belief system that has accompanied patriarchal, or male-dominated societies for thousands of years and continues to place women in subordinate positions with limited access to power and decision making. Though most common in men, misogyny also exists in and is practiced by women against other women or even themselves. Sociologist Michael Flood at the University of Wollongong defines misogyny as the hatred of women, and notes: Misogyny is manifested in many different ways, from jokes to pornography to violence to the self-contempt women may be taught to feel toward their own bodies. ![]() is a central part of sexist prejudice and ideology and, as such, is an important basis for the oppression of females in male-dominated societies. Johnson, "misogyny is a cultural attitude of hatred for females because they are female". Social psychology research describes overt misogyny as "blatant hostile sexism" that raises resistance in women, as opposed to "manifestations of benevolent sexism" or chivalry that lead women to behave in a manner perpetuating patriarchal arrangements. In 2012, primarily in response to a speech in the Australian Parliament, the Macquarie Dictionary (which documents Australian English and New Zealand English) expanded its definition to include not only hatred of women but also "entrenched prejudices against women". The American Merriam-Webster Dictionary distinguishes misogyny, "a hatred of women", from sexism, which denotes sex-based discrimination, and "behavior, conditions, or attitudes that foster stereotypes of social roles based on sex." The word was rarely used until it was popularised by second-wave feminism in the 1970s.Įnglish and American dictionaries define misogyny as "hatred of women" and as "hatred, dislike, or mistrust of women". Racism and other prejudices may reinforce and overlap with misogyny.Īccording to the Oxford English Dictionary the English word "misogyny" was coined in the middle of the 17th century from the Greek misos 'hatred' + gunē 'woman'. It rejects any aspects of men that are seen as feminine or unmanly. It holds in contempt institutions, work, hobbies, or habits associated with women. In feminist thought, misogyny also includes the rejection of feminine qualities. Sometimes misogyny manifests in obvious and bold ways other times it is more subtle or disguised in ways that provide plausible deniability. Misogyny can be understood both as an attitude held by individuals, primarily by men, and as a widespread cultural custom or system. In some cases, misogyny rewards women for accepting an inferior status. Misogyny also often operates through sexual harassment, coercion, and psychological techniques aimed at controlling women, and by legally or socially excluding women from full citizenship. It is reflected in art, literature, human societal structure, historical events, mythology, philosophy, and religion worldwide.Īn example of misogyny is violence against women, which includes domestic violence and, in its most extreme forms, misogynist terrorism and femicide. ![]() Misogyny has been widely practised for thousands of years. It is a form of sexism that can keep women at a lower social status than men, thus maintaining the social roles of patriarchy. Misogyny ( / m ɪ ˈ s ɒ dʒ ɪ n i/) is hatred of, contempt for, or prejudice against women or girls. International Girl's Day and Women's Day.African-American women's suffrage movement.Discrimination against transgender women. ![]()
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